àñáåñò õðèçîòèëîâûé
ÐÏࡱá > þÿ þÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿì¥Á ` ø¿ 0 |× bjbjËsËs s
© © < T 0 ÿÿ ÿÿ ÿÿ ¤ h h h . – $ º º º $ Þ †^ †^ †^ P Ö^ $ ú_ Ü Þ x‰ ¾ â` ¦ ˆa " ªa ªa ªa ªa ªa ªa ¯ˆ ±ˆ ±ˆ ±ˆ ±ˆ ±ˆ ±ˆ $ 6‹ h ž P Õˆ ] º ¹b ªa ªa ¹b ¹b Õˆ º º ªa ªa 2‰ Up Up Up ¹b B º ªa º ªa ¯ˆ Up ¹b ¯ˆ Up Up ª S | º º Ë‚ ªa Ö` p°0ÑÇ †^ ûi š Ï ë‡ Ä H‰ 0 x‰ á ê î •m b î $ Ë‚ î º Ë‚ ªa 0 Úa " Up üa b ¡ ªa ªa ªa Õˆ Õˆ ÷o ^ ªa ªa ªa x‰ ¹b ¹b ¹b ¹b Þ Þ Þ „@ bF $ Þ Þ Þ bF Þ Þ Þ º º º º º º ÿÿÿÿ
%8?0A=>ABL 2 8=B5@5A0E CAB>9G82>3> @0728B8O 2 5 - 2 9 A5=BO1@O 2 0 0 6 3.
C40?5HB, 5=3@8O
>25AB:0 4=O
4>@>2L5 8 M:>;>38G5A:85 ?@>1;5<K, A2O70==K5 A BO65;K<8 <5B0;;02K 3;>10;L=K5 ?>B@51=>AB8 2 40;L=59H8E 459AB28OE?
0@0;;5;L=>5 ?@8OB85 ?> 2>?@>A0< BO65;KE 2
2 3 A5=BO1@O 2 0 0 6 3.
>43>B>2;5=>: (259F0@859
>:C:CABC?5= =0 0=3;89A:>@30=87C5B >4=>4=52=>5 ?0@0;;5;L=>5 ?@8OB85 ?> 2>?@>A0< BO65;KE 2.
57C;LB0BK MB>3> ?0@0;;5;L=>3> ?@8OB8O 1C4CB ?@54AB02;5=K V ?;5=0@=>9 A5AA88 $>@C25AB:8 4=O) . 0 V ?;5=0@=>9 A5AA88 $>@CAB02;5=0 5I5 >4=0 4>?>;=8B5;L=0O 7=0G8B5;L=0O 2>76=>ABL 4;O 40;L=59H53> 87CG5=8O MB8E 2>?@>A>2 8 ?@>1;5;0305BAO, GB> 8B>3>3> ?@8OB8O 1C45B >1>1I5=85 ?>78F89, ?> :>B>@K@C<, ?@8 65;0=88, A65B @07@01>B0BL @5:>B=>H5=88 459AB289 2 >1;0AB8 BO65;KE 2 2 1;8609H5< 1C4CI5 3;> 1K >:070BL ?>445@6:C AB@0=0<, 65;0NI8< ?@8ABC?8BL : ?@8A=>2=KE ?@>1;51;0AB8 BO65;KE 2.
.
!>45@60=85
17>@=K9 ?8A0=85 A8BC0F88 >?@>AK ?@54;>65=8O 8 A?@>A0; 2K1@>AK 87 8745;89 R a v i A g a r w a l ( @30=870F8O " T o x i c s L i n k " )
!B@0B538O ! 2 >B=>H5=88 @BCB8 E v a - S t i n a A n d e r s s o n ( !) 8 3@0=8G5=8O =0 8A?>;L7>20=85 @BCB8 2 ?@>4C:F88 ?@8 : 5=3@88 K r i s t o f K o z a k ( 5=3@8O)
53C;8@>20=85 ?>A;54AB289 :CAB0@=>9 4>1KG8 7>;>B0 4;O 74>@>2LO 8 >:@C60NI59 A@54K A ?>78F88 @072820NI59AO AB@0=K J u l e s d e K o m ( !C@8=0AB>O=8O 74>@>2LO 8 M:>;>38G5A:>3> @8A:0 A@548 6820NI8E 21;878 701@>H5==KE @BCB=KE @C4=8:>2: ">:A8G=>5 =0A;5485 E t h e l y n P . N i e t o ( $8;8??8=K)
"520=8O: @>D5AA8>=0;L=K5 2>7459AB28O 8 @5H5=8O B j o r n E r i k s o n ( !)
03@O7=5=85 BO65;K<8 <5B0;;0= >:@C60NI59 A@54K 2 D@8:5: ?@>1;520=8O=:@5B=KE ?@8<5@0E 87 835@88) A b i o l a O l a n i p e k u n 8 A l o B a b a j i d i ( 835@8O)
57N<5 E>45 45OB5;L=>AB8 ;>10;L=KE ?0@B=5@AB2 ?> A>:@0I5=8N @BCB8 C h a r l i e A u e r 8 J o h n S h o a f f ( #?@02;5=85 ?> >E@0=5 >:@C60NI59 A@54K !()
5@A?5:B82K 157>?0A=>3> >1@0I5=8O A :04<8578F88 ?@>AB8.
- @ J o h n A t h e r t o n 564C=0@>4=K9 A>25B ?> 3>@=>4>1K20NI59 45OB5;L=>AB8 8 <5B0;;03@0<ABL 2 >1;0AB8 @BCB8 8 4@C38E 2
M a g e d Y o u n e s , U N E P
@>3@0<ABL 2 >1;0AB8 @BCB8, A28=F0 8 :04ABL .
P a b l o H u i d o b r o
:>=25=F8O > B@0=A3@0=8G=>74CE0 =0 1>;LH85 @0AAB>O=8O ( :>=25=F8O > B721@) B5:CI0O @01>B0 2 >1;0AB8 BO65;KE 2 2 52@>?59A:>9 M:>=>9 :>@30=870F88 >1J548=5==KE =0F89 ( 5M: >>=)
B r i n d a W a c h s , U N E C E
@>1;5@>2LO 8 M:>;>388, A2O70==K5 A BO65;K<8 <5B0;;010;L=K5 ?>B@51=>AB8 2 40;L=59H8E H030E?
0@0;;5;L=>5 ?@8OB85 $>@C BO65;K< <5B0;;0@=K9 ?8A0=85 A8BC0F88. >?@>AK ?@54;>65=8O 8 A?@>A0; 2K1@>AK 87 8745;89.
R a v i A g a r w a l , >@30=870F8O " T o x i c s L i n k " , =48O
57NOI517>@5 87;>65=K 2 >1I8E G5@B0E 8=D>@?@>AK 3;>10;L=KE B5=45=F89 A?@>A0 ( 2:;NG0O >A=>2=K5 D>@;L7>20=8O) 8 ?@54;>65=8O B@5E BO65;KE 2: A28=F0, :04<8O 8 @BCB8. =5 @0AAAK 8 2K45;5=8O 87 8745;89 8;8 ?@>F5AA>2, 2 :>B>@KE A>45@60BAO 8;8 8A?>;L7CNBAO MB8 =5F, 2:@0BF5 87;030NBAO 273;O4K 3@0640=A:>3> >1I5AB20 =0 ?CB8 ?@>42865=8O 2?5@54.
-B8 B@8 BO65;KE 548=5=8O 8A?>;L7CNBAO 2 @07=>>1@07=KE 8745;8OE 8 ?@>F5AA0E 2>9 ?@>AB8. =8 ?>- ?@56=51J5:B>< 4=>9 B>@3>2;8, 0 8E F5=K >B@060NB 2708A2O7L A>65=85 2 ?>A;54=55 2@5:>9AB2> >B=>A8B5;L=> 8E 2>7459AB28O =0 74>@>2L5 ;N459 8 >:@C60NICN A@54C.
A=>2=KG=8:>< 2A5E B@5E BO65;KE 2, :>B>@K5 ?@8ACBAB2CNB 2 2845 A>;59 8;8 2 2 3>@=KE ?>@>40E 8 ?>G25, O2;O5BAO 3>@=>4>1K20NI0O ?@>ABL. =5A:>;L:8E G0ABOE =8@CNB =5A:>;L:> B0:8E @C4=8:>2. AB>G=8:8 ?>AB02>: @BCB8 >1>A>1;5=K, >4=0:> A28=5F 8 :04<89 3CB 4>1K20BLAO 2<5AB5. 06=K@8G=KG=8:010;L=>3> ?@54;>65=8O O2;ONBAO CB8;870F8O 8 70?0AK.
!53>4=O 2 B0:8E A5:B>@0E, :0: M=5@35B8:0, 74@02>>E@0=5=85, M;5:B@>=8:0, 83@CH:8, E8;L7C5BAO 1>;LH>5 G8A;> 8745;89, A>45@60I8E >48= 8;8 1>;55 MB8E BO65;KE 2. >GB8 2A5 87 =8E 8<5NB ?@85<;5<B=>H5=88 0;LB5@=0B82K. -B8 8745;8O O2;ONBAO >1J5:B>< 2>9 B>@3>2;8. 4=0:> 2 @07;8G=KE AB@0=0E 8=D@0AB@C:BC@0, 0 B0:65 459AB2CNI85 <5E0=87;8B8:8 2 >B=>H5=88 8E ?>A;54AB289 4;O 74>@>2LO 8 >:@C60NI59 A@54K 7=0G8B5;L=> 20@L8@CNBAO.
=5A:>;L:8E ?@>872>4AB25==KE ?@>F5AA0E, =0?@8872>4AB25 E;>@0/ I5;>G8, 2 :>B>@>;L7C5BAO @BCBL, 2 ?@>872>4AB25 B5?;>2>9 M=5@388 8 B. 4. 8A?>;L7CNBAO 8;8 2K45;ONBAO MB8 BO65;K5 1>G=KE 2K1@>A>2 2 0BAD5@C 8 2>4C, GB> 2K7K205B A5@L57=>5 15A?>:>9AB2>.
?>A;54=55 2@5A>15==> 70 ?>A;54=55 45AOB8;5B85, 2 @0728BKE AB@0=0E 8A?>;L7>20=85 MB8E BO65;KE 2, 0 B0:65 8E 2K1@>AK ;81> ACI5AB25==> A>:@0B8;8AL, ;81> B5AB0 MB8E 2K1@>A>2 A=878;8AL. !CI5AB2CNB >4=0:> B5=45=F88 : @>ABC 2 1KAB@> 8=4CAB@80;878@CNI8EAO AB@0=0E, =0?@8O2;5=8N =>2KE 2K1@>A>2 A?>A>1AB2CNB B0:85 A5:B>@K, :0: ?@>872>4AB2> B5?;>M=5@388 A 8A?>;L7>20=85@>4A:>9 B@0=A?>@B 8 CB8;870F8O >BE>4>2.
@C382>4>:>9AB20 O2;O5BAO 3;>10;L=K9 ?5@5=>A MB8E 2 ?> 2>74CEC. #AB0=>2;5= D0:B 3;>10;L=>3> ?5@54=0:> 4065 A28=5F 8 :04<89 B0:65 3CB ?5@5=>A8BLAO, > G51@07F>2 3@5=;0=4A:>3> ;L40.
>=:@5B=K5 BO65;K5 A: 2 0 0 4 3. 3;>10;L=>5 8A?>;L7>20=85 @0D8=8@>20==>3> A28=F0 2>7@>A;> =0 2 , 8 % 4> 6 , 9 8 m t 2 2 0 0 4 3. 8 4> 7 , 1 3 m t 2 2 0 0 5 3>4C. !>548=5==K5 (B0BK <5@8:8 O2;ONBAO :@C?=59H8B@518B5;54=0:> 8E A?@>A >B;8G05BAO AB018;L=>ABLN. >B@51;5=85 2 8B05 2>7@>A;> 1>;55 G58;>AL A 2 0 0 0 3. 2 A2O78 A 8A?>;L7>20=85< A28=F0 2 0::C@0E. @>3=>78@C5BAO @>AB A?@>A0 2 5@9 5A?C1;8:5, 0 B0:65 2 =488, >4=0:> >= A=8605BAO 2 !>548=5==>@>;52AB25 8 $@0=F88.
AB>G=8:8 8 ?>AB02:8: =0G8B5;L=K5 8AB>G=8:8 A28=F0 =0E>4OBAO 2 09 ;OA:5, 2AB@0;88, 0=045, 8B05, @;0=488, 5:A8:5, 5@C 8 >@BC30;88 8 A>AB02;ONB 2 >1I59 A;>6=>AB8 1>;55 1 , 5 ==.
A?>;L7>20=85: !?@>A =0 A28=5F ?>445@68205BAO, 3;02=K1@07> 8A?>;L7>20=8O 2 02B>18;OE 8 2 @575@2=KE 0::C@0E ( 7 1 % ) . = B0:65 8A?>;L7C5BAO 2 ?@>:0B=>20==>2>8B5;LAB25 ( 7 % ) ; B@C10E A?5F80;L=>3> =07=0G5=8O, =0?@8@B8@>2:8 E82, >1>;>G:5 :015;59 ( 3 % ) , 28B@060E, 38@OE, A28=F>20==>9 AB0;8, ?>@>H:5 4;O ?;0AB8D8:0B>@>2, A?5F80;L=KE ?@>B82>:>@@>789=KE :@0A:0E 8 1>5?@8?0A0E ( 6 % ) .
!?;02K A28=F0 =0E>4OB ?@8<5=5=85 2 0::C@0E ( A28=5F- AC@L5 ( A28=5F- >;>2>) 8 2 ?@>B82>@0480F8>==KE M:@0=0E. !>548=5=8O A28=F0 8A?>;L7CNBAO 2 0=B845B>=0F8>==KE ?@8A04:0E 4;O 15=78=0, AB018;870B>@0E 4;O ?>;828=8;E;>@840, E@CAB0;5, 3;07C@8 4;O :5@0<8G5A:8E 8745;89, ?832K9 E@>@0=652>< ( ;8145=- A28=5F) . A?>;L7>20=85 A28=F0 2 15=78=5 1>;LH59 G0ABLN ?@5:@0I5=>, 0 B0;L7C5BAO, >=> ?>AB5?5==> A2>@0G8205BAO.
04A 8 8A?>;L7>20=85: 7 7 % :04<8O 2 ;L7C5BAO 2 =8:5;L- :04<852KE 0::C@0E, 1 1 % - 2 ?83AB0;L=K5 4 % - 2 @07;8G=KE >1;0ABOE. A?>;L7>20=85 MB>3> =0E, :0: !, A>:@0I05BAO, >4=0:> 2>76=> C25;8G5=85 A?@>A0 A> AB>@>=K 8B0O 8 =488.
>AB02:8: A=>2=K<8 2KAB02I8:0<8 O2;ONBAO 78O ( 4 1 % ) , = ( 1 6 % ) , 2@>?0 ( 1 5 % ) 8 2AB@0;8O ( 3 % ) . AB0;L=K5 2 5 % ?@8E>4OBAO =0 :04<89, @535=5@8@C5BE>4>2, 8 =0 53> 70?0AK.
K1@>AK 8 2K45;5=8O: 8 :04AB@0=ONBAO 2 ?;0=5B0@=KE >1@07=KE 703@O7=8B5;59 0BAD5@K. 4=0:> >10 <5B0;;0 A2O7K20NBAO A B25@4K<8 G0AB8F0<8 8 @0A?@545;ONBAO B0:81@07>< 2 =0;L=KE A :04;LH85 @0AAB>O=8O 2>74CH=K<8 <0AA048B, B5< =5 4B25@645=85 2 >1@07F0E :5@=>2 ;L40 87 @5=;0=488.
04425@305BAO @07;>65=8N, 8, >4=064K ?>?02 2 >:@C60NICN A@54C, ?@>4>;605B 2 =59 F8@:C;8@>20BL. >2K5 2K1@>AK :04102;ONBAO : C65 A>45@60I5:@C60NI59 A@545 :04<8N. 04548=5=8O :041;040NB >B=>A8B5;L=>9 2>4>@0AB2>@8ABLN. >MB>=8 1>;55 18;L=K, =0?@8G25, :0: ?@028;> >B;8G0NBAO 1>;LH59 18>4>ABC?=>ABLN 8 B5=45=F859 : 18>;>38G5A:>?;5=8N.
BCBL:
!?@>A 8 8A?>;L7>20=85: 2>9 M:>=>;L7C5BAO: 2 0::C@0E, ?@>872>4AB25 E;>@0/ I5;>G8, 9 4>1KG5 7>;>B0 8 A5@51@0, 7C1=>9 0<0;L30=B@>;L=>- 87@0E, M;5:B@8G5A:8E :>=B@>;L=KE CAB@>9AB20E 8 2K:;NG0B5;OE, >A25B8B5;L=KE ?@81>@0E 8 2 4@C38E AD5@0E.
>AB02:8: A=>2=KG=8:0 =5402=53> 2@5AB02;O; ;68@. !8BC0F8O 2 8B05 >B;8G05BAO ABLN, 8 2 =5402=8E 4>:;040E A>>1I05BAO > @>AB5 8A?>;L7>20=8O @BCB8 2 ?@>872>4AB25 V C M 8 0::C@>2. ><8 4@C38E 8AB>G=8:>2, 2B>@8G=0O @BCBL ?>ABC?05B 87 $8=;O=488 8 5@C. A?>;L7C5 2A5< <8@5 @BCBL 65B ?@52KH0BL 2 4 0 0 0 - 3 0 0 0 0 m t 2 >4=8E B>;L:> CAB0=>2:0E ?> ?@>872>4AB2C E;>@0/ I5;>G8, ?@8G5;>28=0 87 MB>3> >1J548BAO 2 !. >AAB0=02;820545@60I0OAO 2 >BE>40E 8 8745;8OE, 65B ?@52KA8BL 2 0 0 0 0 - 3 0 0 0 0 m t . ! 8 !( O2;ONBAO G8ABK@B5@0B@51;5=85 @BCB8 <0AHB01=K@=>4>1K20NI8<8 ?@54?@8OB8OAB02;O5B 6 5 0 - 1 0 0 0 B>== 2 3>4.
K1@>AK: !B0F8>=0@=K5 8AB>G=8:8 703@O7=5=8O. !6830=85 C3;O @0AA4=O 2 :0G5AB25 :@C?=59H53> >B45;L=> 27OB>3> 3;>10;L=>3> 8AB>G=8:0 2K1@>A>2 @BCB8 2 0BAD5@C. BCBL B0:65 ?>?0405B 2 2>74CE A 4>2, 87 :@5@852, ?@>872>4AB2 @BCB=KE M;52 8 E;>@0/ I5;>G8, @>A6830B5;L=KE CAB0=>2>: 8 4@C38E AB0F8>=0@=KE 8AB>G=8:>2 703@O7=5=8O.
@>1;5@>2LO 8 M:>;>388, A2O70==K5 A BO65;K<8 <5B0;;010;L=K5 ?>B@51=>AB8 2 40;L=59H8E H030E?
0@0;;5;L=>5 ?@8OB85 $>@C BO65;K< <5B0;;0B=>H5=88 @BCB8
S t i n a A n d e r s s o n , 2@>?59A:0O :>@0B ?> >:@C60NI59 A@545
5OB5;L=>ABL 2 @0B=>H5=88 @BCB8 =0?@02;5=0 =0 40;L=59H55 A>:@0I5=85 2K1@>A>2 8 8A?>;L7>20=8O @BCB8. 06=59H0O F5;L A>AB>8B 2 A=865=88 C@>2=59 @BCB8 2 >:@C60NI59 A@545 8 2>7459AB28O =0 G5;>25:0, >A>15==> A> AB>@>=K ?@>4C:B0E. -B0 :>45@68B 4204F0BL =0?@02;5=89 45OB5;L=>AB8, A5B>@KE ?@54CA445@6:C 8 AB820=85 4=KE ?@8OB89.
4=8< 87 :;NG52KE M;52 O2;O5BAO 22545=85 : 2 0 1 1 3. 70?@5B0 =0 M:A?>@B @BCB8 87 !. !B@0=K ! O2;ONBAO :@C?=K@B5@04>;60NI85AO =5>3@0=8G5==K5 ?>AB02:8 ACI5AB25==> ?>4AB53820NB 8A?>;L7>20=85 @BCB8 8 ?@5?OBAB2CNB 8==>20F8>==>740=8N A2>1>4=KE >B @BCB8 8745;89 8 ?@>F5AA>2.
A2O78 A 871KB:>1E>48 >15A?5G8BL @5H5=85 ?@>1;5?0A=>3> E@0=5=8O; 5A;8 =5 @5H8BL MB>B 2>?@>A =0 157>?0A=>9 8 CAB>9G82>9 >A=>25, B> MB> 65B ?>2;5GL 7=0G8B5;L=K9 CI5@1 4;O >:@C60NI59 A@54K. >AB5?5==>5 A2>@0G820=85 8A?>;L7>20=8O @BCB=KE M;52 2 ?@>872>4AB25 E;>@0/ I5;>G8 ?>72>;8B 2KA2>1>48BL ?@81;878B5;L=> 1 2 0 0 0 B>== 871KB>G=>9 @BCB8, 8 2 F5;OE 87KA:0=8O 157>?0A=>3> @5H5=8O @0AA76=>AB8 A:;048@>20=8O.
@54;0305BAO 225AB8 4>?>;=8B5;L=K5 >3@0=8G5=8O =0 A>45@60=85 @BCB8 2 ?@>4C:F88. 4=>9 87 3@C?? ?@>4C:B>2, A>45@60I8E @BCBL, :>B>@K5 =5 >E20G5=K 70:>=>40B5;LAB2>=B@>;L=>5 8 875 >1>@C4>20=85, =0?@8<5@ B5@@>H89 2K1>@ 70 ?@54;>68;0 >3@0=8G5=8O ?> A1KBC . @>3>, 1C45B ?@>2545=> 8AA;54>20=85 2A5E A>E@0=ONI8EAO D>@;L7>20=8O @BCB8 =0 ?@542;5=8O F5;5A>>1@07=>AB8 4>?>;=8B5;L=KE H03>2.
!6830=85 C3;O O2;O5BAO :@C?=59H8G=8:>A>2 @BCB8 2 ! ( 8 2> 2A5< B>@>5 ?@8E>48BAO A53>4=O ?@8 5 0 % ?@>4>;60NI8EAO 2K1@>A>2 2 !. !CI5AB2CNI55 70:>=>40B5;LAB2> 8 87;L7>20=88 C3;O 4>;6=K ?@825AB8 : =5:>B>@>A>2. 4=0:> =5>1E>48 A8E ?>@ >BACBAB2C5B 70:>=>40B5;LAB2> 2 >B=>H5=88 =51>;LH8E A6830NI8E CAB0=>2>:, :>B>@K5 B0:65 O2;ONBAO A5@L57=KG=8:0A>2 @BCB8. >A>2 @BCB8 =51>;LH82:0<8, A6830NI8;L.
;O @5H5=8O ?@>1;51E>4810;L=K5 CA8;8O. 5>1E>48 ?@8=OBL AB5?5==>:@0I5=8N 2>3> ?@>872>4AB20 =>2>9 @BCB8 87 :8=>20@8 8 ?@54>B2@0I5=8N ?>O2;5=8O 87;8H:>2 @BCB8 =0 @K=:5. ;0=8@C5BAO A>B@C4=8G5AB2> A @072820NI8<8AO AB@0=0445@68205B B0:85 4=K5 8=8F80B82K, :0: ;>10;L=0O ?@>3@0<B=>H5=88 @BCB8.
@>1;5@>2LO 8 M:>;>388, A2O70==K5 A BO65;K<8 <5B0;;010;L=K5 ?>B@51=>AB8 2 40;L=59H8E H030E?
0@0;;5;L=>5 ?@8OB85 $>@C BO65;K< <5B0;;0;L7>20=85 @BCB8 2 ?@>4C:F88 ?@8 : 5=3@88
K r i s t ó f K o z á k , ;02=K9 :>=AC;LB0=B #?@02;5=85 ;8:2840F859 >BE>4>2 8 55 B5E=>;>388, 8=8AB5@AB2> >:@C60NI59 A@54K 8 2>4=KE @5AC@A>2, 5=3@8O
5=3@8O @0745;O5B >15A?>:>5==>ABL 2 >B=>H5=88 ?03C1=KE ?>A;54AB289 @BCB8 4;O G5;>25:0 8 >:@C60NI59 A@54K 8 ?>445@68205B ;8B8:8, 87;>65==K5 2 !B@0B5388 !>>1I5AB20 . ! 4@C3>9 AB>@>=K, 2 ?>78F88 53> AB@0=K >B=>A8B5;L=> ?;0=8@C53@0=8G8B5;L=KE B D0:B, GB> 2 =0AB>OI55 2@5872>4OBAO, @50;87CNBAO 8 8A?>;L7CNBAO @07=>>1@07=K5 8745;8O, A>45@60I85 @BCBL. 0AB>OI89 <0B5@80; ?@8720= 40BL ?@88;;NAB@8@>20BL ?>A;54AB28O >3@0=8G8B5;L=KE ?>;>65=89.
03> A25B0 8 A25B>2K5 B@C1:8, A>45@60I85 @BCBL, ?@>872>4OBAO 2 5=3@88 :0: 4;O 2=CB@5==53> ?>B@51;5=8O, B0: 8 =0 M:A?>@B. -B8 :0B53>@88 8745;89 ?>4?040NB ?>4 459AB285 8@5:B82K R o H S , :>B>@0O C65 ?>;CG8;0 >B@065=85 2 70:>=>40B5;LAB25 5=3@88 . @>872>48B5;8 >1O70=K A>1;N40BL 65AB:85 ?0@03@0=8G5=89, =0G8=0O A CAB0=>2;5==>3> :@09=53> A@>:0, :>B>@K9 =5>1E>48B:8 ?@>4C:F88. MB>< <0B5@80;5 @0AAAB865=8O.
548F8=A:85 B5@45@60I85 @BCBL, 8A?>;L7CNBAO 2 1KBC, 0 B0:65 2 1>;L=8F0E 8 4@C38E <548F8=A:8E CG@5645=8OE. 5AB@O =0 =0;8G85 2 B>@3>2>9 A5B8 F8D@>2KE ?@81>@>2, ?@54?>GB5=85 ?>- ?@56=5B405BAO B@048F8>==K< B5@<5B@09 AB>8AB8 8 2KA>:>9 B>G=>AB8. 4G5@:820NBAO >68405<K5 @57C;LB0BK ?;0=8@C5@;>65=89.
!D83<5B@K ?@58 8A?>;L7CNBAO 2 A5:B>@5 74@02>>E@0=5=8O. @54?>GB5=85 >B405BAO ?@81>@045@60I8< @BCBL, ?5@54 0;LB5@=0B82=K@05:B5 ?@028; ?@54CA76=>AB8 8A?>;L7>20=8O @BCB=KE CAB@>9AB2 @01>B=8:0>E@0=5=8O, 8 4;O ?5@5E>40 =0 0;LB5@=0B82=K5 8745;8O ?>B@51C5BAO 2@5:C<5=B5 @0AA2>4K 70 8 ?@>B82 @BCB=KE AD832 8 8E ?;0=8@C5<0O 701;5@>2LO 8 M:>;>388, A2O70==K5 A BO65;K<8 <5B0;;010;L=K5 ?>B@51=>AB8 2 40;L=59H8E H030E?
0@0;;5;L=>5 ?@8OB85 $>@C BO65;K< <5B0;;020=85 ?>A;54AB289 :CAB0@=>9 4>1KG8 7>;>B0 4;O 74>@>2LO 8 >:@C60NI59 A@54K A ?>78F89 @072820NI59AO AB@0=K
J u l e s d e K o m , P h . D .
>>@48=0B>@ ?> 2>?@>A0:A8:>;>388, 8=8AB5@AB2> >1I5AB25==>3> 74@02>>E@0=5=8O, 0@0, !C@8=0<
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
?@54;0305< <0B5@80;5 1C4CB @0AAB@5=K A ?>78F89 @072820NI59AO AB@0=K 2KO2;5==K5 ?@5?OBAB28O 8 2>76=K5 ?>4E>4K : @53C;8@>20=8N A0=8B0@=>3> A>AB>O=8O >:@C60NI59 A@54K 8 A>?CBAB2CNI8E ?@>1;5<. @8 @0AAB@5=88 MB8E ?>4E>4>2 1C45B C45;5=> 2=8=0;L=><C 8 4=>B@C4=8G5AB2C.
@>1;5@>2LO 8 M:>;>388, A2O70==K5 A BO65;K<8 <5B0;;010;L=K5 ?>B@51=>AB8 2 40;L=59H8E H030E?
0@0;;5;L=>5 ?@8OB85 $>@C BO65;K< <5B0;;0AB>O=8O 74>@>2LO 8 M:>;>38G5A:>3> @8A:0 A@548 6820NI8E 21;878 701@>H5==KE @BCB=KE @C4=8:>2: B>:A8G=>5 =0A;5485
>:;04G8:
E T H E L Y N P . N I E T O , M . D . , M . P . H . , M . H . A .
0>E@0=5=8O, 5?0@B0>E@0=5=8O $8;8??8=
8F5- @57845=B I F C S ?> 780BA:>- "8E>>:50=A:>=C
>B 820B5;59
N e l i a P . C . M a r a m b a 1 , J o s e P a c i a n o R e y e s 1 , A n a T r i n i d a d F r a n c i s c o - R i v e r a 2 , L y n n C r i s a n t a R . P a n g a n i b a n 1 , C a r i s s a D i o q u i n o 1 , N e r i s s a D a n d o 1 , R e n e T i m b a n g 2 , H i r o k a t s u A k a g i 3 , M a . T e r e s a C a s t i l l o 4 , C a r m e l a Q u i t o r i a n o 4 , M a r e d i t h A f u a n g 4 , A k i t o M a t s u y a m a 3 , T o m o m i E g u c h i 3 a n d Y o u k o F u c h i g a m i 3
1 0F8>=0;L=0O A;C610 :>=B@>;O 8 8=D>@1 >B@02;5=8OE, #=825@A8B5B $8;8??8=, 0=8;0, M;. ?>GB0: n p c i s @ p a c i f i c . n e t . p h
2 N@> A0=8B0@=>3> A>AB>O=8O >:@C60NI59 A@54K 8 38385=K B@C40, 0F8>=0;L=K9 F5=B@ ?> ?@54C?@5645=8N 1>;57=59 8 1>@L15 A =8<8, 5?0@B0>E@0=5=8O, 0=8;0, $8;8??8=K, M;. ?>GB0: r i v e r a _ a t t f @ y a h o o . c o m
3 0F8>=0;L=K9 8=AB8BCB ?> 1>;57=8 8=0=8O, M;. ?>GB0: h i r o a k a g i @ n i m d . g o . j p
4 &5=B@ C:@5?;5=8O 74>@>2LO 4;O M I M A R O P A , 5?0@B0>E@0=5=8O
5 538>=0;L=0O 1>;L=8F0 0B0=30A0, 5?0@B0>E@0=5=8O
57NH5==K5 H0EBK O2;ONBAO 206=KG=8:>15A?>:>5==>AB8 2 AB020OAL 8AB>G=8:>9 8;8 ?>B5=F80;L=>9 C3@>7K 4;O 157>?0A=>AB8 8 74>@>2LO ;N459, 2 B>:@C60NI59 A@54K. 0: ?@028;>, 701@>H5==K5 8;8 =50:B82=K5 @C4=8:8 O2;ONBAO >1J5:B0@=K5 @01>BK 8;8 4>1KG0 @C4K 1K;8 ?@5:@0I5=K 157 CAB@0=5=8O CI5@10, =0=5A5==>3> >:@C60NI59 A@545. ?@>H;>A;5 ?@5:@0I5=8O 4>1KG8 ?>;57=KE 8A:>?05@8O 3>@=KE @07@01>B>: >AB02;O;0AL 157 ?@>2545=8O :0:8E- ;81> 2>AAB0=>28B5;L=KE ?@8OB89 8 157 ?>;=>3> ?>=8;>38G5A:8E ?>A;54AB289, 81> M:>;>38G5A:85 =>@20;8. > 2B>@>9 ?>;>28=K AB>;5B8O >G5=L =5385 AB@0=K 8AC40@AB25==K5 =>@B=>H5=88 @C4=8:>2 8 ?>;8B8:C ?@>2545=8O 2>AAB0=>28B5;L=KE @01>B, ?@54?8AK202H85 ?@02>2K5, D8=0=A>2K5, B5E=8G5A:85 ?@>F54C@K 2 >B=>H5=88 459AB2CNI8E 3>@=KE @07@01>B>:.
@8 4>1KG5 @BCB8 2 >B20;0E >1@07CNBAO 2B>@8G=K5 @BCB=K5 D@0:F88. -B8 D@0:F88 >1;040NB ?>2KH5==>9 @0AB2>@8ABLN 2 :8=>20@8, O2;ONI59AO ?5@28G=K< @C4=K< 1>645=85 8 ?5@5=>A @BCB8 87 3>@=>@C4=KE >BE>4>2 ?@>8AE>48B >A>15==> 2 2845 >1>30I5==KE @BCBLN G0AB8F 8 :>;;>84>2. ! MB8<8 @BCB=K<8 @C4=8:0?@O65=0 ?>B5=F80;L=0O >?0A=>ABL ?@5>1@07>20=8O >B=>A8B5;L=> AB018;L=KE =5>@30=8G5A:8E A>548=5=89 @BCB8 2 18>4>ABC?=K5 >@30=8G5A:85 A>548=5=8O @BCB8, =0?@8<5@ H5==K5 @BCB=K5 @C4=8:8 @0AA3> ?>2>40 4;O >15A?>:>5==>AB8 2 A2O78 A ?>@>64059 89 4>;3>A@>G=>9 M:>;>38G5A:>9 ?@>1;59.
@87=020O, GB> @072820NI0OAO =5@2=0O A8AB5A>15==> ?>425@65=0 2>7459AB28N <5B8;@BCB8, ?@8G5;55 CO7289 ?>43@C??>9 =0A5;5=8O O2;ONBAO CB@>1=K5 2>@>645==K5, 0F8>=0;L=K9 A>25B ?> =0CG=K20=8O ?> >E@0=5 >:@C60NI59 A@54K =5402=> @5:>20;8 A?@02>G=CN 4>7C 2 0 , 1 u g / k g b w / 2 45=L 4;O 4>2>4OI85 ?@8=F8?K ?@8720=K 70I8B8BL 45B59 >B 7045@65: 8 45D8F8B0 =52@>;>38G5A:>3> @0728B8O 2 @57C;LB0B5 2>7459AB28O 2=CB@8CB@>1=>AB>O=88. =0AB>OI55 2@5A;54AB28O "H g 2 A>G5B0=88 A ?>3;>I5=85< AB0NBAO 206=>9 ?@>1;59, >A>15==> 2 A;CG0OE =87:8E 4>7 8 =5?@5@K2=>3> ?>3;>I5=8O. 4=0:> 8=D>@ ?>A;54AB28OE =87:>3> 8 ?@>4>;68B5;L=>3> 2>7459AB28O T H g 8 B> 2 ?@5=0B0;L=K9 8 ?>AB=0B0;L=K9 ?5@8>4K O2;O5BAO >3@0=8G5==>9. MB>20=88 @0AA76=K5 @8A:8 4;O 74>@>2LO 1>;55 =87:>3> C@>2=O ?@8 E@>=8G5A:>7459AB288 T H g 8 B>@K425@30NBAO >1I8=K 21;878 ?@56=8E @BCB=KE @C4=8:>2 2 A@02=5=88 A :>=B@>;L=>9 3@C??>9, ?>425@30NI59AO <8=83@0=8G5==>7459AB28N.
AB02;5==K9 @BCB=K9 @C4=8: =0 N3>- 2>AB>:5 >B 0=8;K DC=:F8>=8@>20; A 1 9 5 5 ?> 1 9 7 6 3>4 8 ?@>872>48; >:>;> 1 4 0 0 0 0 :3 @BCB8 2 3>4. 0 2@51@07>20;>AL ?@8 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 B>== :0;LF8=8@>20==KE >BE>4>2 3>@=KE @01>B ( @5B>@B=>9 @C4K) , 8 ?@8 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 B>== 87 MB>3> :>;8G5AB20 1K;8 A1@>H5=K 2 1;87;560I89 70;82 %>=40, GB>1K ?>AB@>8BL ; 8 >1;53G8BL 3>@=>4>1K20NI85 @01>BK, @O4>B>@K6820NB 2 0 0 0 G5;>25: 2 B@5E ?>A5;:0E. >;LH0O G0ABL E2>AB>2 A1@0AK20;8AL 2 @5 ?>1;87>AB8, ?>:0 =5 >1@07>20;AO 8A:CAAB25==K9 ?>;C>AB@>2 4;8==>9 2 6 0 0 2 8 H8@8=>9 2 5 0 2. =0AB>OI55 2@5< =40, :>B>@K9 2405BAO 2 2>AB>G=CN G0ABL 0;020=0, ?@>6820NB, ?> >F5=:025:. >76=K<8 ?CBO7459AB28O @BCB8, :>B>@>5 65B A:07K20BLAO =0 =0A5;5=88 MB8E >1I8=, O2;ONBAO ?@O5 24KE0=85 @BCBLA>45@60I8E G0AB8F/ ?K;8, ?>?040=85 @BCB8 2 >@30=87B, C?>B@51;5=85 70@065==KE @BCBLN ?8I52KE ?@>4C:B>2, =0?@8<5@ @K1K, ;N4L4C:BK 8 A5;LA:>E>7O9AB25==CN ?@>4C:F8N. "0:81@07>;LH8=AB2> >1I8=, ?@>6820NI8E @O4>H5==K<8 @C4=8:076=>, =0A5;5=85 2 F5;>425@30NBAO @8A:C 2>7459AB28O B>:A8G=KE C@>2=59 @BCB8, >A>15==> B5 87 =8E, :>B>@K5 ?>B@51;ONB 2 ?8IC @A:85/ 2>4=K5 ?@>4C:BK.
57C;LB0BK MB>3> 8AA;54>20=8O ?>:070;8, GB> G5BK@5 ( 4 ) 2840 @K1K, 0 8 818A, B010A, ;0?C- ;0?C 8 B>@A8;;L>, ?@52KH0;8 @5:>20==K5 >1I85 C@>2=8 @BCB8 8 0 . 5 u g / g f w , N V > 0 . 3 u g / g f w , A>>B25BAB25==>) . 4=0:> >1I55 A>45@60=85 8 A>45@60=85 =A5@28@>20==>9 @K15, >1I55 A>45@60=85 @BCB8 2 @8A5, 2>74CE5 8 ?8BL52>9 2>45 =0E>48;>AL 2 ?@545;0E @5:>20==KE C@>2=59, >4=0:> 4>?>;=8B5;L=0O @BCB=0O =03@C7:0 87 MB8E 8AB>G=8:>2 65B A?>A>1AB2>20BL >1I59 =03@C7:5 @BCB8 A@548 68B5;59 MB>3> @09>=0. 0G5AB2> ?>25@E=>AB=KE 2>4 2 @09>=5 @C4=8:>2, 70;825 %>=40 8 2 =5:>B>@K5 ?5@8>4K =8B>@8=30 2 70;825 0;020= ?@52KH0;> AC< @BCB8 ( N V > 0 . 0 0 2 n g / m l ) . @>1K 3@C=B0 87 42CE <5AB0E, 0 8 87 "031C@>A0 8 70;820 %>=40, ?@52KA8;8 ?>:070B5;8 AC<9 @BCB8 4;O 68;LO, @5:>20==K5 2 @0A=>2=>9 :>@@5:B82=>9 F5;8 4;O @538>=0 9 35=BAB20 ?> >E@0=5 >:@C60NI59 A@54K ( N V > 2 3 m g / k g ) . @C38< 206=KA>1>7459AB28O @BCB8 O2;O5BAO 55 ?>?040=85 2 >@30=87< B. ;O 45B59 3@C4=>3> 2>7@0AB0 1K;8 ?>;CG5=K ACI5AB25==K5 2 AB0B8AB8G5A:>B=>H5=88 @57C;LB0BK ?@8 A>?>AB02;5=88 C@>2=O ;>A0E A@548 :0: ?>425@65==KE 2>7459AB28N, B0: 8 :>=B@>;L=KE ?>43@C??. >4>1=K1@07>?>AB02;5=85 ?5@2>=0G0;L=KE 8 >:>=G0B5;L=KE C@>2=59 A>45@60=8O ;>A0E A@548 15@5<5==KE 65=I8=/ AB025 ?>425@30NI59AO 2>7459AB28N 3@C??K =0A5;5=8O ?@>45=AB@8@>20;> 7=0G8B=>H5=88 @57C;LB0BK ( p ?>AB02;5=85 C@>2=59 A>45@60=8O @BCB8 2 2>;>A0E, ?>425@30NI8EAO 2>7459AB28N 8 :>=B@>;L=KE ?>43@C??, ?@>45=AB@8@>20;> AB0B8AB8G5A:8 7=0G8<K5 @57C;LB0BK ?@8 : A;54CNI5=0G0;L=K9 8 :>=5G=K9 AC<2=8 @BCB8 2 2>;>A0E 45B59, ( b ) ?5@2>=0G0;L=K9 8 :>=5G=K9 C@>2=8 ;>A0E 45B59, ( c ) :>=5G=K5 AC<2=8 @BCB8 2 2>;>A0E 15@5=5G=K9 AC<2=8 @BCB8 2 2>;>A0E =0G0;L=K9 8 :>=5G=K9 C@>2=8 @BCB8 2 2>;>A0E @5:>20=> C45;8BL ?@8>@8B5B=>5 2=82545=8N ?@8OB89 8 CAB@0=5=8N ?>A;54AB289 A CG5B>3>, GB> 701@>H5==K5 @BCB=K5 @C4=8:8 1C4CB ?> ?@56=5:07K20BL 2>7459AB285 :0: =0 74>@>2L5, B0: 8 =0 >:@C60NICN A@54C 2 4>;3>A@>G=>9 ?5@A?5:B825, 5A;8 B>;L:> =5 1C4CB @50;87>20=K =04;560I85 4K 70:@KB8O @C4=8:>2. K;8 @5:>20=K A;54CNI85 4@C385 2>?@>A0;8B8:8 2 >B=>H5=88 701@>H5==KE @C4=8:>2.
ACI5AB2;5=85 @53C;O@=>3> =8B>@8=30 8 =047>@0 70 >:@C60NI59 A@54>9 8 74>@>2L5< 3> =0A5;5=8O.
@>2545=85 0:B82=KE 8=D>@==KE 8 >1@07>20B5;L=KE :0<?0=89 ?CB5 @K15, >A>15==> 4;O 15@5@4C:B82=>3> 2>7@0AB0 8 45B59.
15A?5G5=85 B5E=8G5A:8<8 40==K<8 @30=>2 3>AC40@AB25==>3> C?@02;5=8O 4;O F5;59 ?>;8B8:8, ?;0=8@>20=8O 8 @0728B8O.
@>2545=85 <548F8=A:8E ?@8OB89 A@548 70B@>=CBKE 68B5;59 ?> CAB@5=8N :;8=8G5A:8E B>:A8:>;>3>2.
>A04:0 4>AB0B>G=>3> G8A;0 2KE 45@52L52 2 :0G5AB25 5AB5AB25==KE D8;LB@>2 4;O 703@O7=ONI8E G0AB8F 2 MB>=5.
;NG52K5 A;>20: @BCBL, 1KG0 @BCB8, ?>A;54AB28O 4;O 74>@>2LO
"520=8O: ?@>D5AA8>=0;L=>5 2>7459AB285 8 @5H5=8O
B j ø r n E r i k s o n , 564C=0@>4=0O :>=D545@0F8O A2>1>4=KE ?@>DA>N7>2
( >@256A:0O :>=D545@0F8O ?@>DA>N7>2)
BCBL:
BCBL 8A?>;L7>20;0AL 873>B>28B5;O;>2=KE C1>@>2 8 2K7K20;0 A5@L57=K5 >B@02;5=8O. 5H5=85: 7<5=5=85 4K ( 2 =0AB>OI55 2@5:> @0A?@>AB@0=5=K F8;8=4@K) 8 B5E=8:8 873>B>2;5=8O @07@5H8;> 40==CN ?@>1;5;L7C5BAO =0 E;>@>:A84=KE ?@>872>4AB25==KE ?@54?@8OB8OE 4;O ?@>872>4AB20 E;>@0, ?@54=07=0G5==>3> 4;O >B15;820=8O, A@548 ?@>G53>, 2 F5;;N;>7=>- 1C9 ?@>AB8. 5H5=85: 5@5E>4 =0 4@C3CN B5E=8:C >B15;820=8O, =0?@8;L7>20=857>=0.
?>A;54=55 2@5O28;8AL A>>1I5=8O >1 >B@02;5=88 @BCBLN 2@0G51=KE :018=5B0E 2 @57C;LB0B5 8A?>;L7>20=8O 9 0<0;L304 =0 4@C385 9:85, 1>;55 4>@>3>AB>OI85 8 B@51CNI85 ?@8;55 A;>6=>9 B5E=>;>388.
BCBL O2;O5BAO >A=>2=K< 703@O7=8B5;5G8E <5AB0E 2 :@5@8OE. 5H5=85: #A>25@H5=AB2>20=85 B5E=8:8 :@5<0F88 2<5AB5 A C;CGH5=85BK 25=B8;OF88.
A?>;L7>20=85 @BCB8 2 8=AB@C<5=B0E - B5E=8G5A:>3> =07=0G5=8O 2K7K205B ?@>1;5872>4AB25==>9 A@54K 8 >1I85 M:>;>38G5A:85 ?@>1;5A=>2=>BE>4>2. 5H5=85: 7;>388.
!28=5F:
@>872>4AB2> 0::C@=KE 10B0@59 2K7K20;> 2@>645==K5 ?>@>:8 8 >B@02;5=8O A28=F>B>@KE A;CG0OE 2@>645==KE ?>@>:>2 C40;>AL 871560BL 2 @57C;LB0B5 B@51>20=8O ?@>2>48BL AB5@8;870F8N @01>B0NI8E 65=I8= 8;8 8A?>;L7>20=8O :>=B@0:B>2, 70?@5I0NI8E @01>B=8F0< 8;>388 =0 4@C385 284K 0::C@=KE 10B0@59 4;O ?>B@518B5;59.
@5?OBAB285: 0::C@0E 4;O 02B>18;59 8 ?>42>4=KE ;>4>: ?>- ?@56=5/ >1KG=> 8A?>;L7CNBAO A28=F>2K5 0::C@K, 8 ?>MB>4>?@>2>4G8:8 >B@02;O;8AL <5B0;;8G5A:8 2@52:8 B@C1 ( 703@O7=5=8O 3@C=B0) 8 B. 4. 5H5=85: 5@5E>4 =0 4@C385 284K 48:8 8 =5=B0B@02;5=85 2. 5H5=85: >=25=F8O ", N o . 1 3 ( 1 9 2 1 3. ) 70?@5I05B 8A?>;L7>20=85 ?>4>1=KE :@0A>:. @5?OBAB285: >=25=F8O =5 70I8I05B @01>G8E, ?>:0 55 =5 @0B8D8F8@C5B AB@0=0.
04<89:
04;8MB8;5=>2K5 ?0:5BK. 5H5=85: 0F8>=0;L=K9 70?@5B =0 40==>5 8A?>;L7>20=85.
04;L7C5 ?@>872>4AB2C 0::C@>2, 2K7K205B A5@L57=K5 ?@>D5AA8>=0;L=K5 701>;520=8O, =0?@8, =0=>A8B ;8 MB> B0:65 CI5@1 >:@C60NI59 A@545 2>:@C3 B0:8E ?@54?@8OB89, => 8A?>;L7>20==K5 0::C@K 3CB =0=>A8BL 2@54 >:@C60NI59 A@545 2 ;N1>< 7459AB28O =0 873>B>28B5;O - :> AB>@>=K 564C=0@>4=>9 :>=D545@0F88 A2>1>4=KE ?@>DA>N7>2 2 F5;OE C;CGH5=8O ?@>872>4AB25==ðàçäåëû
ðóêàâè÷êà äîñòàâêà
áåéñáîëêè çàêàç
êóïèòü àóäèîïëååðû
êîëîêåéøí
òðè öâåòà: ñèíèé
óçè ñäåëàòü
i`m o.k./ãåðîè ãðîá
ïîìèäîð êóïëÿ
áþäæåòèðîâàíèå
çàêàçàòü îáåä
âûâåäåíèå áîðîäàâêà
ìàãíèòíûé äîñêà
ðàçîãðåòü â÷åðàøíèé îáåä
ðîì äîñòàâêà
ïðîãðåññèðóþùèé áëèçîðóêîñòü
ìåòðîáîíä
óöåíåííûé õîëîäèëüíèê
ðóêàâè÷êà äîñòàâêà
õîëîäèëüíèê zanussi
óíè÷òîæåíèå äàííûé
áåñòðàíøåéíûé îáëèöîâêà
äîñòàâêà íàïèòîê
ôîñôîðåöèðóþùàÿ êðàñêà
îðêåñòð êðåîëüñêèé òàíãî
ñðåçàííûé öâåò
ïîìåùåíèå øèíîìîíòàæ
îæèðåíèå
àíòèãîëîëåäíûå ðåàãåíò
ñèñòåìà ïåðåìåøèâàíèå
èíæåíåðíûé ãåîäåçèÿ
ïðîãðàììà øèôðîâàíèå
àñáåñò õðèçîòèëîâûé